In October 2019, APA published the newest manual of style the 7th edition.
Some of the major changes include:
Copies of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) are available at both HPU libraries.
Library |
Shelf Location |
Call Number |
Atherton Library |
Ref Desk (1 copy) |
BF 76.7 .P83 2020 |
Waterfront Library |
Ref, Ref Desk, General (2 copies) |
BF 76.7 .P83 2020 |
In 2009, APA published the 6th edition of their publication manual of style.
Some of the major changes include:
Copies of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) are available at both HPU libraries.
Library |
Shelf Location |
Call Number |
Atherton Library |
Ref, Ref Desk, General (2 copies) |
BF 76.7 .P83 2010 |
Waterfront Library |
Ref, Ref Desk, General (3 copies) |
BF 76.7 .P83 2010 |
Note: This edition has been replaced by the 7th edition; however, it takes some time for everyone to follow the new guidelines. Ask your instructor which edition to follow for your assignments.
If your article was retrieved online and does not have a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), you will need to cite the homepage of the periodical. Ulrichsweb is a database of periodical literature. Search Ulrichsweb for the title of the PERIODICAL (not the article). The periodical's homepage can be found in the record retrieved. You can also find out if the periodical is classified as a popular/trade magazine or a scholarly/academic journal.
Sample record in Ulrichsweb:
Guidelines and models are based on the format presented in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Individual instructors may have additional requirements for student papers.
The American Psychological Association's own style site is the most accurate and up-to-date guide of their publication manual. Below is a list of APA's Official Resources:
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) is one of the most useful guidelines in academia, they cover numerous citation styles including APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and others.
In addition, you count with tutoring support provided by the Center for Academic Success (CAS) to help you using APA, MLA, Chicago styles. You can make an appointment at Hawaii Loa Campus in the ETC (3rd floor), or at Downtown campus at Waterfront Plaza Building 6, 4th floor.
General Format (p. 43-67):
Writing & Grammar (p. 120-121):
Reference List (p. 281 - 309):
In-Text Citation
APA7 style requires that in-text citations consist of the author(s) and date, in brackets, with a comma in between, eg; (Abbott, 2020).
General Format (p. 228-229):
The References list should be double-spaced. Each entry should be formatted with a hanging indent (p.180).
References cited in text must appear in the References list and vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications and classical works; they are cited in text only and are not included in the References list (p.174).
Use only the initial(s) of the author’s given name, not the full name (p.184).
If the References list includes 2 or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order with the earliest first (p. 182).
If the author’s name is unavailable, use the first few words of the title of the article, book or Web source, including the appropriate capitalization and italics formatting (p.176-177). E.g. (Scientists Say, 2000).
Arrange References entries in one alphabetical sequence by the surname of the first author or by title or first word if there is no author (p.181-183). Ignore the words A, An, and The when alphabetizing by title.
In titles and subtitles of articles, chapters, and books, capitalize only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns, except in parenthetical (in text) citations (p.185).
Italicize book titles, journal titles, and volume numbers. Do NOT italicize issue numbers.
If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on either a print or an electronic source it is included in the reference (p.187-192).
When the References entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break it before a slash or dash or at another logical division point and Do NOT add a period after the URL (p.192).
DOI stands for digital object identifier and it is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles). Not all journal articles or books have DOIs but per APA style if there is a DOI you must use it in the citation.
APA 7th edition standardizes DOI formatting to begin with https://doi.org/
Example: McCoy, H., Vaughn, M. G., Maynard, B. R., & Salas-Wright, C. P. (2014). Caution or warning? A validity study of the MAYSI-2 with juvenile offenders. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 32(4), 508-526. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2128
APA 6th edition allows you input the DOI information either in url format https://doi.org/ OR as doi:
Example: McCoy, H., Vaughn, M. G., Maynard, B. R., & Salas-Wright, C. P. (2014). Caution or warning? A validity study of the MAYSI-2 with juvenile offenders. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 32(4), 508-526. doi:10.1002/bsl.2128
Most databases provide DOI information, for articles that have them, in the articles' descriptions record. DOI are sometimes placed above or at the top or bottom of an article's first page.
The following guidelines is from the American Psychological Association (APA) Style Blog posted on April 7th 2023. Due to the rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) these guidelines may be updated periodically. Please refer to the APA Style Blog, "How to cite ChatGPT"
Quoting or Reproducing Text created by ChatGPT adapted from the template for software in Section 10.10 of the APA Style Publication Manual
Material Type |
Software Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools (eg. ChatGPT) |
In-Text Citation |
...as generated by the generative AI program (OpenAI, 2023) According to OpenAI (2023) ChatGPT states that the |
Reference List | OpenAI. (2023). ChatGTP (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https:chat.openai.com/chat |