General Rules
Print Books
the name of ALL authors, the year of publication, and the full title of the book, place of publication: publisher. pages referred to,or total number of pages
in the book
(e.g.) Format for a Book: capitalize the first letter of each word other than the, and, or or.
Nybakken JW, Bertness MD. 2005. Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach, sixth ed. CA: Pearson Education, Inc.. p. 25-31
Format for an Article from a Book: capitalize only the first letter of the article.
Thompson, S.N. 1997. Physiology and biochemistry of snail-larval trematode relationships. In: Advances in Trematode Biology
(Fried, B., Graczyk, T.K., eds.). CRC Press, NY, pp. 149-195
Format for a Laboratory Manual or Handout
Biology 13 Laboratory Manual. 2005. Exercise in enzyme kinetics, pp. 16-23. Thfts University, Medford, MA.
Ebooks
In-Text:(Rollin 1998)
Print Journal Articles
(e.g.) 1 Author
Jarrret, J.N. 1997. Temporal variation in substratum specificity of semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus) cyprids. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 211: 103-114.
In-Text: (Jarret, 1997)
2 Authors
Twombly, S., Burns. C.W. 1996. Effects of food quality on Individual growth and development. J. Plankton Res. 18: 75-82.
In-Text: (Twombly and Burns, 1996)
3 Authors
Woodin, S.A., Lindsay, S.M., Wethey, D.S. 1995. Process-specific recruitment cues in marine sedimentary systems. Biol. Bull. 189: 49-58
In-Text: (Woodlin et al., 1995)
Online Journal Articles
* Please be aware that formats are differ from jounal to journal so it would be best to consult with your instructor for formatting your references.
Reference Books (Print)
*Order of the elements of a citation, with punctuation, for Parts of Monographs:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/formats/internet2001.pdf (p. 29-31)
Referece Books (Online)
-Without Author(s):
Title of the article or entry. Year. In: Title of reference book [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication [City (State)]: publisher; [cited year month date].
Volume number, p. page(s). Available from Title of Database;:URL (Language (e.g. Spa)). Notes. (e.g. System Requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.)
(e.g.) Heart Disease. 2004. In: New Harvard Guide to Women's Health [Internet]. Cambridge (MA): The, Harvard University Press; [cited 2012 Sep 4].
Available from Credo reference; http://www.credoreference.com/entry/hupwh/heart_disease System Requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
World Wide Web Articles
(e.g.) Lawrence, R.A. 1997. A review of the medical benefits and contraindications to breastfeeding in the United States [Internet]. Arlington (VA):
National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health; Oct [cited 2005 Oct 27]. 40 p. Available from
http://www.ncemch.org/pubs/PDFs/breastfeedingTIB.pdf
*For the latest information on citing Web sources, check with the following Web sites;
[PDF] Internet Formats - by National Library of Medicine - NIH
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/formats/internet2001.pdf
[PDF] How to Cite Sources Using CSE Style- by Phoenix College Library
http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/departments/library/guides/cse_examples.pdf
Source: Pechenik, J.A. , 2007. A Short Guide to Writing bout Biology. 6TH ed. Pearson, NY. pp. 77-81
1. Do not footnote: use the author-year format unless told otherwise by your instructor.
2. If you must cite a reference that you have not read:
(e.g. Tankersyly, 1995, as cited by Rittshof, 1999).
3. If you cite a review paper with no original data supporting:
(e.g. reviewed by Furhman, 2004)
4. Try to make the relevance of the cited references clear to the reader.
(e.g. Temperature tolerances have been determinded for gastropods (Merz, 1988), bivalves and annelids (Heibert Burch, 1998), and insects
(Merz and Heiber Burch, 1933 a,b))
5. Be concise in citing references and avoid citation redundancy.
Source: Pechenik, J.A. , 2007. A Short Guide to Writing bout Biology. 6TH ed. Pearson, NY. pp. 72-76
Source: Pechenik, J.A. , 2007. A Short Guide to Writing bout Biology. 6TH ed. Pearson, NY. pp. 81-82
Source: Pechenik, J.A. , 2007. A Short Guide to Writing bout Biology. 6TH ed. Pearson, NY. pp. 81-82